What You Need to Know About Stress Fractures

Imagine a tiny crack appearing in a highly active, weight-bearing bone that gradually worsens with every step you take. That’s essentially a stress fracture – a common bone injury that’s different from the sudden snap of an acute break. In this article, we at Clifton Foot & Ankle Center will go over what stress fractures are, what they feel like, and most importantly, their specific causes.

What are Stress Fractures?

A stress fracture is a small crack or severe bruising within the bone. It’s not your typical dramatic break. But how does this happen?

Our bones are constantly rebuilding themselves. But when the bone breaks down at a faster rate than the repair, it leads to a weak point that eventually gives way. And if left unaddressed, a stress fracture can eventually lead to a complete fracture. But if not, you’ll still probably feel chronic pain, and that pain will probably force you to walk differently.

Stress Fracture Symptoms

You might first notice a dull ache that only appears during or after activity and eases with rest. Unlike an acute fracture, there’s often no immediate swelling, bruising, or deformity.

But if ignored, the pain becomes sharper, more constant, and eventually occurs even at rest. The problem with many people, especially athletes, is that they’ll tough it out, which worsens the microscopic cracking. If it gets to that point, a stress fracture has turned into a real fracture, and you’ll require immobilization and potential surgery.

Causes of Stress Fractures

So, how do stress fractures happen? They are almost always a result of cumulative stress. More specifically:

• Repetitive Overuse: This is the biggest culprit. Constant, low-grade force from running, jumping, marching, or dancing can simply overwhelm the bone’s capacity to adapt and repair.
• Rapid Increase in Activity: Slow down. Suddenly increasing the intensity, duration, or mileage of an exercise routine without gradual progression can shock your bones.
• Bad Footwear: Worn-out athletic shoes that have lost their cushioning and support don’t absorb impact and transfer stress to the bones.
• Hard Surfaces: Consistently training or performing on unforgiving surfaces like concrete or asphalt increases the impact.
• Biomechanics: Flat feet that roll inward excessively or rigid, high arches can concentrate stress on bones.
• Nutritional Deficiencies: A diet lacking essential nutrients like Vitamin D and Calcium can compromise overall bone health and weaken bones.
• Bone Density Issues: Conditions like osteoporosis cause bones to become brittle.
• Muscle Fatigue: When muscles become fatigued, they lose their ability to act as natural shock absorbers.

Now that you know about the subtlety of stress fractures, if you suspect you have one, be sure to consult a podiatrist as soon as possible to prevent later complications.

For more foot care facts and advice, consult Dr. Kenneth R. Wilhelm at Clifton Foot & Ankle Center in Fairfax County, Virginia, about any podiatric concerns you’re facing. Set up an appointment today to find relief!